Boilers in power plants and process plants have large drums to house the steam-water mixture, to hold large quantity of water required for steam generation, and ensure steam quality. Drums weigh anywhere 100 to 250 tons with very high thickness. Manufacturing drums need special machines and process.
Power and process boilers have a large cylindrical vessel called the Drum. Early boilers had as many as four drums, but present day boilers have either one or two drums. A 210 MW boiler drum weighs about 130 tons and a 500 MW boiler drum about 250 tons. The drums of bi-drum boilers can be anywhere near 100 tons. The boiler drums have large stubs welded, many instrument tapings, safety valve stubs, and internals to maintain the quality of steam and distribute the feed wate, and a facility to dose the chemicals uniformly across the length of the drum. Boiler drums are generally made of carbon steel of boiler quality plates of varying thickness depending on the design pressure of the boiler.
Plate quality check by ultrasonic test
Review ultrasonic test report and steel supplier test report
Move plate to heating furnace and heat to 850 - 870 deg C. Use incremental pressing in a 6000 or 8000 ton hydraulic–beam press and work it to get the shell shape based on the shell inside diameter
Cold press the plate to the final specified shape when plate is below 130 deg C, but not below room temperature
The shell is moved to a special weld bevel machine for beveling the ends
Tack weld the counterpart (wrapper) shell which is slightly thinner
Weld longitudinal seam by submerged-arc process in thin layers in succession maintaining a preheat of 150 deg C
Back gouge the inner side after the outer weld is completed to a sound metal using electric arc process
The weld is finished using the automatic submerged-arc welding
The shell is welded 20 % on each side alternatively to control distortions of the shell
Grind the longitudinal weld flush both inside & outside and do magnetic particle test
Do radiography of the weld using a linear accelerator (4MeV or above)
If necessary repair using a low hydrogen electrode at 150 deg C preheat
Re-radiograph after repair till test results are satisfactory
All nozzles and nipples are drilled in the drum shell
Weld the nozzles and nipples by manual arc welding using low hydrogen electrode with 150 deg C pre heat
Join the first two shells with a girth seam and grind the weld and do magnetic particle test and radiography of weld to ensure weld quality
Weld the hemispherical shell to the end of the shell always maintaining 150 deg C preheat while welding and do magnetic particle test and radiography of weld
Each of the two assemblies are stress relieved at 605 deg C plus / minus 5 deg C
Put the internal structures in place and then the final girth weld is made maintaining preheat of 150 deg C. This weld is locally stress relieved, followed by magnetic particle test of all welds
Finally paint the outer surface and the drum is ready for shipping to the site.
Source: http://www.zgsteamboiler.com/news/How-Large-Boiler-Drums-are-Manufactured.html
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Source: http://www.zgsteamboiler.com/news/How-Large-Boiler-Drums-are-Manufactured.html
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