Boiler pressure (and temperature) depends on a variety of factors such as fuel (wood, coal, fuel oil etc), boiler area and configuration, material, and downstream requirement (engine pressure requirement, turbine requirement, chemical reactor requirement and other end-user requirement).So I decide to highlight important boilers on a timeline. Engine is also included as it closely relate to the pressure produced by the boiler.
1) Fuel
Different fuel have different energy content and different flame temperature. Some trasfers energy differently like though radiant heat. It also depends on how much you can feed into furnace and into what furnace geometry. You can even boil water using waste heat and solar power.
2) Boiler area- The higher the area, the higher the heat flux
4) Boiler configuration - with super heater? with economizer? fire tube or water-tube? etc
5) Material and thickness - temperature and pressure affect tube integrity
6) Downstream requirement - Smaller locomotive tonnage do not require a such a high pressure. Also, triple compound engine requires higher pressure than double compound engine etc.
You also have to keep in mind that sometimes pressure is not the main goal. Other targets are steam load, efficiency, etc.
In general, there is an increasing trend of pressure achievable as higher pressure allows for bigger load like locomotive haulage (tonnage) and power plant output capacity (MW). Higher pressure is also achieved as we gain more understanding about thermodynamics and boiler properties at which higher pressure provides higher efficiency. Higher pressure is also made possible by newer materials and newer technology.
There is also a drive for higher pressure (especially for power plant) as higher pressure means higher efficiency.
Also note also that standard for what is considered high pressure (like for locomotive can change over time).
I also apologize for the units as I did not inter convert into standardized unit (psi, MPa, bar)
History of boilers interrelates with other history like history of vacuum pump, mine-site pump,etc. So you can see that there is a transfer of technology that occurs. These boilers eventually finds use in industrial application and locomotive application.
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